Nanomaterials introduce versatility to the sensing platforms and may even allow mobility between different detection mechanisms. Biomarkers associated with various diseases including cancer andSARS-CoV-2can be detected through various approaches. A biomarker is an abbreviation for biological markers associated with a specific disease, and it is measured as an indicator of the extent of clinical diseases. Use of graphene in material science is limited by the non-availability of standards and poor quality of the commercial graphene. CSIR-AMPRI have developed the new methods based on electrochemical exfoliation for synthesis of graphene and derivatives of graphene nano materials by waste dry batteries rods for biosensor applications. Currently our group working on a facile synthesis route of graphene oxide and nano composite have been described along with the fabrication of immunosensors for the detection of SARSCoV-2 antibody. The synthesized graphene oxide–gold (GO-Au) nano composite has remarkable properties for sensing applications because of the large surface area, high conductivity, and availability of functional groups for effective bio molecules binding. We are also working for the development of an antibodies-based electro chemical sensor for biomarker detection in breast cancer patient saliva. Antibodies-based platforms have the advantage of identifying their targets with high affinity and specificity and can be easily immobilized on the surface of nano structured 2D material (graphene & nano composites) through non-covalent or covalent bonding without any conformational changes. The system can also be extrapolated to a microfluidic portable device with the ability to multiplex biomarkers detection and can be extended to infectious, cancer and other types of biomarkers in the future.
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